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OF CHINA; whose respective subjects shall equally enjoy, in the dominions of the High Contracting Parties, the most complete and decided protection for their persons and property.
ARTICLE II.
And hereby are entirely annulled and held as non-existing by this Treaty everything that down to this day has been done, at whatever time or place, whether in writing, or printed, or verbally agreed,-with respect to the relations between Portugal and the Empire of China and between the Government of the City of Macao (formerly in the Province of Canton) and the Chinese Authorities: -In virtue whereof from now henceforth the present Treaty,-concluded and signed by the Plenipotentiaries of the two States, duly provided with their res- pective credentials, is to serve as the only valid Regulation of these relations.
ARTICLE III.
The Governor General of Macao, in his capacity of Plenipotentiary of His Most Faithful Majesty in China, may visit the Court of Pekin every year should important affairs render it necessary.
If in the future the Government of His Majesty the Emperor of China shall allow the Plenipotentiary of any other Foreign Nation to reside permanently at Pekin, besides those who have already their Representatives there, the Envoy of His Most Faithful Majesty may consider such permission as extending to himself and avail of it should he deem convenient.
ARTICLE IV,
The Diplomatic Agents shall enjoy at their residences all the privileges and immunities accorded by the Law of Nations: that is to say, that their persons, their families, their homes, and their correspondence shall be inviolate.
ARTICLE V.
The expenses incurred by the diplomatic Missions of Portugal in China shall be borne by the Portuguese Government. The diplomatic Agents which His Majesty the Emperor of China may be pleased to appoint to the Court of His Majesty the King of Portugal will be received with all the honors and privileges enjoyed by the other foreign diplomatic Agents of equal rank accredited to the said Court.
ARTICLE VI
The official correspondence forwarded by the Portuguese Authorities to the Chinese Authorities shall be written in portuguese accompanied by a translation in chinese. In the same manner, the present Treaty is to be written in portuguese and in chinese--which after being duly compared will serve as a Document to guide each Nation as the written version of its respective language.
ARTICLE VII.
The form of correspondence between the Portuguese and the Chinese Author- ities will be regulated by their respective rank and position, based upon complete reciprocity. Between the high Functionaries of Portugal and China, at the Capital or elsewhere, such correspondence will take the form of Dispatch or Com- munication; between the subordinate Functionaries of Portugal and the first Authorities of the Province, the former shall make use of the form of exposition (Chau-Hoei), and the latter that of declaration (Xen-Cheu); and the subordinate officers of both nations shall correspond together in terms of perfect equality.
Merchants, and generally all others who are not invested with an official character, will adopt, in addressing the Chinese Authorities, the form of represen- tation or petition (Pin-Chen),
Whenever any Portuguese subject shall have to petition the Chinese Authority of a district, he is to submit his statement beforehand to the Consul, who will
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cause the same to be forwarded should he see no impropriety in so doing, other- wise he will have it written out in other terms-or decline to forward it:-Like- wise, when a Chinese subject shall have occasion to petition the Portuguese Con- sul, he will only be allowed to do so through the Chinese Authority, who shall proceed in the same manner.
ARTICLE VITE.
His Majesty the King of Portugal may appoint Consuls at all the ports of China open to commerce, to look after commercial interests, and to watch the due observance of all the articles of this Treaty.
The Consul and the local Authorities will show to each other reciprocal civilities and correspond with each other in terms of perfect equality.
The Consuls and Acting Consuls will have the honor of Tau-tai, and Vice- Consuls, Consular Agents, and Interpreter translators, those of Prefect. Their powers shall be equal to those of the Consular Authorities of other nations.
These functionaries are to be true agents of the Portuguese Government and not merchants. The Chinese Government, however, will make no objection, in case the Portuguese Government should deem it unnecessary to appoint a full Con- sul to any of the ports, and choose to entrust a Consul of a foreign nation, for the time being, with the duties of a Portuguese Consul at that port.
ARTICLE IX.
His Majesty the King of Portugal and His Majesty the Emperor of China desiring to manifest their reciprocal amicable intentions have agreed expressly upon the following:
All the subjects of both States shall always be treated, reciprocally, as friends in any part of the Portuguese or Chinese territories.
His Majesty the King of Portugal will enjoin upon the Governor of Macao to bestow his most determined cooperation to avoid everything which might, at that place, be prejudicial to the interests of the Chinese Empire.
His Majesty the Emperor of China may appoint, should he deem it conveni- ent, an Agent to reside at Macao, there to treat of commercial affairs and watch the due observance of the regulations. This Agent, however, must either be a Manchú or a Chinese of the fourth or fifth rank. His powers are to be equal to those of the Consuls of France, England, America, or of those of other nations who reside at Macao and Hongkong, and there treat of their public affairs, showing their national flags.
ARTICLE X.
It is permitted to all portuguese subjects and their families to reside at or frequent the ports of Kuang-tehou (Canton),-Chang-chou (Suatau),—Amoy,- Fu-chau-Ningpo, Shanghae, Chin-kiang, Kieu-kiang and Han-kau (on the Yang-tsi),—Tang chou, Tien-tsin—Neu-choang–Tam-shoei and Tai-van (on the Island of Formosa), and Kiung-chou (on the Island of Hainan), and there to carry on trade or otherwise employ themselves. Their boats may go and come without hinderance and their merchandize be imported or exported at all times.
ARTICLE XI.
The Chinese Government will, in no manner whatever, object that Portuguese subjects should take Chinese subjects into their service and give them a lawful occupation.
ARTICLE XH,
All Portuguese merchants importing goods into any of the open ports, having paid duties on them, and any other Portuguese subjects, are allowed to travel through all parts of the interior of China for commercial purposes or for conveni- ence sake, provided they be furnished with passports which are to be granted by the Consuls and counter-signed by the local Authorities. The bearer of a passport
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